Information Medicine

2020-07-25
LESI

Biomedite (Biomedical science based on Information technology) is a new discipline emerging in recent years. The core goal of biomedite is to combine information science and biomedicine. It emphasizes the use of information science and technology to promote the development of biomedicine, and by learning from the information principle in the process of life, to find new impetus for the development of information technology.


Information medicine is different from medical information. The former is based on medicine, while the latter is based on information. The discipline is a highly interdisciplinary discipline that requires the participation of highend composite talents who are familiar with both information science and biomedicine. Information medicine includes two aspects: information process in medicine and information technology for medicine.


Biomedite Biomedical science based on Information technology (BiomedITE) (1) Advanced information technology promotes the transformation of medical model Before Roentgen's discovery of X-ray, the medical model was family centered. With the emergence of large medical equipment, the medical model has gradually become hospital centered.


Today's medical instruments, whether large high-end MRI, CT, PET or small inspection and analysis instruments, ultrasound, etc., are greatly dependent on the development of information technology.


The development of information technology has promoted the progress of medical instruments. Especially in recent years, the development of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence in information technology has promoted the progress of automatic diagnosis and treatment of medical instruments.


Nowadays, with the needs of the development of human society and the change of the understanding of the medical model, the hospital-centered model will inevitably return to the prevention-based, community-centered (family) medical-centered, "people-oriented" medical model.


Both at home and abroad will be the major trend of medical development in the 21st century. The transformation of this medical model will also greatly rely on information technology, especially low-cost and portable home diagnosis and treatment equipment, high-speed and stable information network, and artificial intelligent-based analysis and diagnosis and treatment system.


(2) Integration of big data technology and medical information Big data refers to the data set whose content can not be crawled, managed, stored, retrieved, shared, transmitted and analyzed by conventional software within a certain period of time due to its large capacity and complexity.


Big data computing is a hot research topic in information science, and the data in medicine fully conforms to the definition of big data, so the use of big data technology can carry out the following research:


① Carry out omics research and correlation research between different omics. The synthesis and integration of various omics using big data can not only provide a comprehensive and new understanding of the occurrence, prevention and treatment of diseases, but also facilitate the development of individualized medicine. That is, by integrating systems biology and clinical data, individual disease risk and prognosis can be more accurately predicted, and targeted prevention and treatment can be implemented.


2) rapid identification of biomarkers and drug development; The use of omics data from a disease patient population can rapidly identify biomarkers related to disease occurrence, prognosis, or treatment effect. In the aspect of drug research and development, big data enables people to have a deeper understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases, which helps to identify biological targets and develop drugs. At the same time, making full use of massive omics data, research data of existing drugs, and high-throughput drug screening can accelerate the drug screening process.


③ Rapid screening of unknown pathogens and detection of suspected pathogenic microorganisms. Samples of unknown pathogens were collected and sequenced, and the gene sequences of unknown pathogens and known pathogens were compared to determine the known pathogens or the closest type of pathogens. Based on this, the source and transmission route of the pathogens were speculated, and drug screening and corresponding disease prevention and treatment were carried out.


④ real-time biological and public health surveillance. Public health surveillance includes infectious diseases surveillance, chronic non-communicable diseases and related risk factors surveillance, and health-related surveillance (such as birth defects surveillance, food safety risk surveillance, etc.).


In addition, epidemic surveillance can be carried out through a nationwide patient electronic medical record database "to predict the prevalence of certain infectious diseases by monitoring social media or frequently retrieved terms. Information in Medicine Today's information science has been greatly developed in terms of high-speed and accurate processing of information, but it is still inadequate for complex and ambiguous information.


Therefore, it will be a very important direction for the future development of information science to build information processing system by using the principle of bionics and learning from the information processing principle of human body, especially human brain.


(1) In terms of complex information processing, the human body is an extremely complex system, which contains not only sound, light, electricity, magnetism, heat and other information in physics, but also a variety of chemical information. These information can be effectively identified and used by the human body, which shows the complexity of the human body's information processing. If these information processing principles can be revealed in medical research and used for reference, it will greatly promote the ability of artificial information processing systems to deal with complex information.


(2) In the aspect of fuzzy information processing, a very significant shortcoming of the existing information processing technology is the ability to process fuzzy information. And this ability is precisely the advantage of information processing in the human body, especially in the human brain.


Two simple examples: ① If you look at a photo of a person more than ten years ago, the human brain can easily recognize that the person in the photo is the same person as the present person. If this task is given to the computer, the algorithm will be extremely complex and the recognition rate is not high. ② The color of the object seen by the human eye under different lighting conditions is the same, that is, the color is constant, and the color of the photo taken by the camera will be affected by the light. If the information processing principle of the human eye is introduced into the image processing system of the camera, the performance of the camera will be greatly improved.


Information medicine is a new discipline in its infancy, and we look forward to more scholars' participation and development.

Source:http://www.nls9d.com/en/